The real-world range of electric vehicles: everything you need to know

Key points to bear in mind

• The real-world range differs from the quoted range. The tests used to calculate the theoretical range (WLTP cycle) do not reflect real-world usage conditions
• Several factors influence range: cold and heat affect the battery, aggressive driving accelerates consumption, and motorway journeys reduce range more quickly than city driving
• Range can be optimised: smooth driving, regenerative braking, efficient management of electrical equipment, and preheating the vehicle during charging help save energy
  
  
  

What is the real-world range of an electric vehicle?

The real-world range of an electric vehicle refers to the distance it can travel on a single charge under typical usage conditions. Unlike the official figures provided by manufacturers, which are based on laboratory tests (WLTP cycle), the real-world range is influenced by numerous external factors.

Difference between theoretical and real-world range

Theoretical range is calculated according to the WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure) cycle, a standard that aims at harmonising the measurement of electric vehicle range in Europe. However, this methodology only takes into account a standardised usage under ideal conditions, excluding everyday variables such as outside temperature or driving style.

In practice, the difference between theoretical and real-world range can be significant. For example, a vehicle advertised with a range of 450km on the WLTP cycle may see its range drop to 300km on the motorway in winter.

Overview of the WLTP cycle and its limitations

The WLTP cycle has certain limitations::

• It does not take into account extreme temperatures, which, however, affect battery capacity
• It does not simulate long motorway journeys, which are energy-intensive for an electric car
• It does not account for variations in vehicle load (weight), such as the presence of passengers or luggage

Consulting user feedback and independent test results is recommended for a more accurate estimate of a model’s real-world range.

The main factors influencing real-world range

The range of an electric vehicle varies depending on several external and internal factors. Understanding these factors allows you to anticipate variations and adjust your driving.

Temperature and weather conditions 

Lithium-ion batteries are particularly sensitive to extreme temperatures.

The impact of cold on the range of electric vehicles is very real. In winter, it can drop by 20 to 40%, mainly because:

• Lithium-ion batteries are less efficient at low temperatures
• The heating of the interior and steering wheel consumes energy, reducing the vehicle’s range
• Battery charging is slower when it is very cold 

Conversely, the effects of heat also impact the battery. It accelerates battery degradation and increases energy consumption, particularly due to air conditioning.

Driving style and habits

Your driving style has a direct impact on the range of your electric vehicle. Aggressive driving with sudden accelerations and frequent braking increases energy consumption.

Types of roads taken (city, motorway, etc.) 

As opposed to ICE cars, EVs consume more energy on motorways than in town. Why? 

• At high speeds (130km/h), aerodynamics play a key role and the battery drains more rapidly
• In the city, regenerative braking recovers some of the kinetic energy, thereby extending the range

On average, an electric vehicle can lose up to 30% of its range on the motorway compared to WLTP cycle figures.

Using the vehicle’s electrical equipment 

The onboard equipment also impacts the range, notably:

• The heating and air conditioning 
• The heated seats, defrosting, and headlights, which draw power from the battery
• The multimedia systems, which, although less energy-intensive, contribute to overall consumption
  
  

Topography and traffic conditions 

Finally, the environment you drive in has a direct impact on range:

• Uphill roads require more energy, while downhill roads facilitate energy regeneration
• Traffic jams can be an advantage in the city thanks to regenerative braking, but a disadvantage if you use air conditioning or heating while idling
  
  
  

Comparison of real-world ranges of popular models

The real-world range varies depending on usage conditions, but also according to the model and battery capacity. Here is a comparison of the best-selling models in 2024 with their official range (WLTP) and their estimated real-world range.

Make & Model	WLTP range (km)	Real-world range (combined) (km)	Motorway range (km)
Tesla Model Y	533	450	360
Peugeot e-208	400	320	260
Renault Mégane E-Tech	470	380	300
Fiat 500e	320	260	210
Tesla Model 3	491	410	330

Real-world ranges can vary depending on weather conditions, driving style, and  types of route.

4 tips to optimise the range of your electric vehicle 

With a few good driving habits, you can improve the range of your electric vehicle and maximise the distance covered on a single charge.

1. Adopt eco-driving

We’re not telling you anything new, but the way you drive has a direct impact on the energy consumption of your electric car. We recommend that you:

• Prioritise eco-driving to maximise range by adopting smooth driving, anticipating slowdowns, and using regenerative braking
• Drive at a constant speed on the road and avoid unnecessary acceleration to help preserve the battery
• Reduce speed on the motorway, for example, by driving at 110km/h instead of 130km/h, to help reduce the energy consumption of your electric vehicle
  
  

2. Use the heating and air conditioning efficiently

Air conditioning and heating systems are energy-intensive. To limit their impact:

• Ideally, use thermal pre-conditioning during charging before departure, so the car reaches a comfortable temperature before driving.
• Avoid using the air conditioning at full power, especially in the city where energy consumption is more noticeable
  
  

3. Optimise charging and battery maintenance

A well-maintained battery provides better range in the long run:

• Avoid charging your battery to 100% too frequently: for daily use, it’s better to keep it between 20% and 80%
• Limit frequent rapid charging, as it can accelerate the degradation of the cells
• Park your car away from extreme temperatures, which can affect the battery capacity

↪️ Also read: Should you charge your electric car every day?

4. Plannning your EV journeys

Anticipation is key to avoiding excessive energy consumption:

• Use an electric vehicle route planner that will automatically calculate your journey, taking into account the specifics of your vehicle. It selects the charging stations suited to your configuration and allows you to visualise your route, including the distance, total duration, and necessary charging stops
• Prioritise secondary roads over motorways to maximise energy recovery through regenerative braking
  
  
  

Conclusion

The real-world range of an electric vehicle depends on numerous factors and can vary significantly compared to the figures provided by manufacturers. Understanding the differences and factors that influence energy consumption helps to adjust everyday usage.

By adopting smoother driving habits, optimising the management of features, and planning journeys wisely, you can maximise each charge and make the most of your electric vehicle 🚗⚡.